1.	Which of the following contains permanent data and gets updated during the processing of transactions ?
	Operating System File
	Transaction file
	Software File
	Master file
	Answer: Master file Explanation: The correct answer is (d) Master file.
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2.	A relation (from the relational database model) consists of a set of tuples, which implies that ?
	relational model supports multi-valued attributes whose values can be represented in sets.
	for any two tuples, the values associated with all of their attributes may be the same.
	for any two tuples, the value associated with one or more of their attributes must differ.
	all tuples in particular relation may have different attributes.
	Answer: for any two tuples, the value associated with one or more of their attributes must differ. Explanation: (c) for any two tuples, the value associated with one or more of their attributes must differ. In the relational database model, a relation is a table consisting of rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Each tuple represents a unique combination of attribute values, and therefore, for any two tuples, the value associated with one or more of their attributes must differ. The other options listed are not characteristic of the relational model.
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3.	Which is one function of a database management system (DBMS) ?
	Ensuring usability
	Identifying what a user needs
	Deciding what to do with legacy systems
	Preventing errors arising, while enabling multiple, simultaneous users
	Answer: Preventing errors arising, while enabling multiple, simultaneous users Explanation: Preventing errors arising, while enabling multiple, simultaneous users. One of the primary functions of a DBMS is to ensure data integrity and consistency by preventing errors arising from concurrent access to the same data by multiple users or applications. The DBMS achieves this through various mechanisms, such as locking and transaction management. The other options listed are not primary functions of a DBMS.
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4.	Databases overall structure is maintained in a file called ?
	Redolog file
	Data file
	Control file
	All of the above
	Answer: Control file Explanation: Control file. The control file in a database maintains the overall structure of the database, including information about the data files and redo log files. It also keeps track of the database's name, time zone, and other important details. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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5.	The DBMS that is most difficult to use is ________ ?
	Microsoft’s SQL Server
	Microsoft’s Access
	IBM’s DB2
	Oracle Corporation’s Oracle
	Answer: Oracle Corporation’s Oracle Explanation: It is subjective to determine which DBMS is the most difficult to use as it depends on individual experiences and preferences. However, in general, some users may find (d) Oracle Corporation's Oracle to be more complex and difficult to use due to its advanced features and capabilities, as well as the need for specialized knowledge and expertise to fully utilize its potential.
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6.	The DBMS acts as an interface between what two components of an enterprise-class database system ?
	Database application and the database
	Data and the database
	The user and the database application
	Database application and SQL
	Answer: Database application and the database Explanation: The answer is (a) Database application and the database. The DBMS (Database Management System) acts as an interface between the database application and the database, allowing the application to access and manipulate the data stored in the database. The DBMS provides an abstraction layer that shields the application from the details of the physical storage of the data, and provides a set of tools and utilities for managing the database, including backup and recovery, security, and performance tuning.
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7.	The following are components of a database except ________ ?
	user data
	metadata
	reports
	indexes
	Answer: reports Explanation: The correct answer is (c) reports.
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8.	A DBMS that combines a DBMS and an application generator is ________ ?
	Microsoft’s SQL Server
	Microsoft’s Access
	IBM’s DB2
	Oracle Corporation’s Oracle
	Answer: Microsoft’s Access Explanation: A DBMS that combines a DBMS and an application generator is Microsoft's Access
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9.	An application where only one user accesses the database at a given time is an example of a(n) ________ ?
	single-user database application
	multiuser database application
	e-commerce database application
	data mining database application
	Answer: single-user database application Explanation: An application where only one user accesses the database at a given time is an example of a single-user database application.
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